Industry grade 99% Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate 62637-93-8

Product Overview

Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate (TMAO, C₃H₉NO·2H₂O, CAS 62637-93-8) is a small, zwitterionic amine oxide supplied as a white, freely water-soluble crystalline dihydrate.  In the laboratory sciences it serves three core non-medical roles: (1) as the classic chemical chaperone and compatible osmolyte that stabilizes proteins against urea, heat, pressure and ice denaturation in biochemical research; (2) as a mild, selective oxidant and oxygen-transfer reagent in organic synthesis; and (3) as a reagent in functional-materials preparation, cryopreservation research and analytical chemistry.

Core value propositions:

Mild Organic Oxidant:

● selective oxidation of iodides, thiols, phosphines; oxygen donor in metal catalysis;

Functional-Materials Reagent:

● synthesis of thermally stable TiO₂-nanorod polymers and semiconductor/metal nanocomposites;

Stable, High-Solubility Form:

● dihydrate is the standard shelf-stable commercial form, freely soluble in water.

Product Information (Quick Facts)

Chemistry & Structure

TMAO is the N-oxide of trimethylamine: a nitrogen atom bonded to three methyl groups and an oxide oxygen, (CH₃)₃N⁺–O⁻, isolated commercially as the dihydrate. It is a highly polar, zwitterionic molecule with excellent solubility in water, ethanol, DMSO and methanol, and very low acute toxicity. The dihydrate melts around 95–99 °C; the anhydrous form melts at 220–222 °C. Because it is moisture-sensitive and hygroscopic, the dihydrate is the preferred shelf-stable commercial form. In aqueous solution TMAO behaves as a compatible osmolyte: As an oxidant, its N–O bond readily transfers oxygen to soft reducing centers (iodide, thiols, phosphines) and to transition-metal complexes.

Key Features & Benefits

● Mild, selective oxidant: clean oxygen transfer with mild conditions and easy work-up.

● Excellent solubility: freely soluble in water, ethanol, DMSO and methanol — easy buffer and stock preparation.

● Stable dihydrate form: shelf-stable, economical alternative to the hygroscopic anhydrous material.

● Broad  utility: biochemistry, synthesis, materials and analytical use.

● Reliable quality: controlled assay, water content and purity; COA with every batch.

Main Applications

1  Biochemistry Research

● Marine biology: mechanism studies of the deep-sea osmolyte TMAO counteracting pressure/urea denaturation;

● Structural biology: stabilizing additive in protein preparation, purification and crystallization.

2 Organic Synthesis Oxidant & Oxygen-Transfer Reagent

● Mild oxidations: iodide to iodine, thiols to disulfides, phosphines to phosphine oxides;

● Metal-catalyzed oxidations: oxygen donor in heterometallic-cluster and Mo/Cu-mediated oxidation and hydrogenation chemistry;

● Process chemistry: safe, water-soluble alternative to peroxide-based oxidants in sensitive substrates;

● Synthetic transformations: N-oxide chemistry and oxidative coupling applications.

3 Functional Materials & Nanocomposite Synthesis

● Polymer composites: preparation of thermally stable TiO₂-nanorod incorporated polymers;

● Nanocomposites: semiconductor/metal nanocomposite synthesis where TMAO acts as oxidant/oxygen-transfer agent;

● Catalyst preparation: reagent in the synthesis of oxidation and cluster catalysts;

● Materials R&D: controlled-chemistry routes to metal-oxide and hybrid materials.

4 Analytical & Laboratory Reagent

● Laboratory reagent: standard TMAO source for analytical and synthetic work;

● Reference material: internal standards for NMR, MS and LC method development;

● Education and research: teaching and biochemistry lab use in universities and institutes;

● Quality control: routine reagent applications in industrial and contract laboratories.

Packaging, Storage

Packaging (customizable):

● 25 g / 100 g / 500 g / 1 kg laboratory bottles; 25 kg fiber drums for production scale;

Storage:

● Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area; keep containers tightly closed (sealed in dry, room temperature);

● Protect from moisture and humidity; keep away from strong oxidizers and acids;

● Avoid inhaling dust; use local ventilation when handling large quantities.

Why Choose Jinan Future Chemical Co., Ltd.?

● Factory-direct supply: own production and sourcing capability, transparent pricing;

● Stable quality: strict internal control, every batch tested (assay ≥ 99%, water content, purity), COA with every shipment;

● Export experience: smooth air and sea shipping worldwide,

FAQ

Q1: What are the  uses of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) dihydrate?

TMAO dihydrate is used: (1) in biochemical research as a chemical chaperone and compatible osmolyte,structural biology and marine-biology research; (2) in organic synthesis as a mild, selective oxidant — oxidizing iodides to iodine, thiols to disulfides and phosphines to phosphine oxides, and serving as an oxygen donor in transition-metal-catalyzed oxidations; (3) in functional-materials research for the synthesis of thermally stable TiO₂-nanorod polymers and semiconductor/metal nanocomposites; (4) as an analytical and laboratory reagent.

Q2: Why is TMAO such an effective protein stabilizer?

TMAO is preferentially excluded from the protein surface in aqueous solution: it is pushed away from the peptide backbone, which raises the free-energy cost of an unfolded, surface-exposed conformation and therefore thermodynamically favors the compact native state. This 'preferential exclusion' mechanism is why TMAO counteracts chaotropes such as urea and guanidinium chloride, and why deep-sea organisms accumulate TMAO to offset the denaturing effects of high hydrostatic pressure. It is the textbook example of a compatible osmolyte and chemical chaperone.