Industrial grade 98% N N'-1 3-Phenylene bismaleimide CA 3006-93-7

N,N'-1,3-Phenylene Bismaleimide — Product Detail Page

1. Product Overview

N,N'-1,3-Phenylene bismaleimide (PDM; CAS 3006-93-7) is a difunctional aromatic maleimide — a benzene ring bearing two reactive maleimide groups in the meta (1,3) positions — supplied as a yellow to brown crystalline powder with high thermal stability (melting point 198–201 °C) and negligible water solubility. In the rubber and elastomer industry it is the established bismaleimide crosslinker: PDM vulcanizes and crosslinks rubber, prevents reversion during overcure, improves heat resistance and aging performance, enhances adhesion between rubber and tire cord, and provides a non-sulfur curing route that eliminates the black copper-sulfide staining caused by sulfur curatives on copper wires and electrical contacts.

Core value propositions:

● Dual-Reactive Crosslinker: two electron-poor C=C bonds for efficient network formation;

● Reversion Resistance: stabilizes rubber networks against overcure reversion;

● Non-Sulfur Curing: copper-contact-safe vulcanization without black sulfide staining;

● Heat & Aging Performance: raises heat resistance and long-term aging of compounds.

2. Product Information (Quick Facts)

3. Chemistry & Structure

resistance it imparts to cured compounds.N,N'-1,3-Phenylene bismaleimide consists of a benzene ring carrying two maleimide groups at the 1- and 3-positions (a meta arrangement). Each maleimide group is a five-membered imide ring containing two adjacent carbonyls and one carbon-carbon double bond; that C=C double bond is electron-poor because it sits between two electron-withdrawing carbonyls and the imide nitrogen. This makes the maleimide double bond highly reactive toward free radicals, nucleophiles and dienes — it adds across rubber chains during vulcanization, bridges polymer chains as a crosslinker, and takes part in Diels-Alder and Michael-type chemistry, which is the molecular basis of its curing and heat-stabilizing action. The meta geometry keeps the two reactive ends well separated, favoring intermolecular bridging between chains instead of intramolecular closure. The molecule is a yellow crystalline powder with high thermal stability , extremely low volatility, and negligible solubility in water; the imide ring system is also inherently thermally robust, which translates into the heat

4. Key Features & Benefits

● Dual reactive maleimide groups: two crosslinkable C=C sites per molecule for efficient networks.

● Reversion resistance: stabilizes rubber against network breakdown during overcure.

● Heat resistance: thermally robust imide ring system lifts service-temperature performance.

● Non-sulfur curing: avoids copper-sulfide blackening on copper wire and electrical contacts.

● Improved rubber-to-cord adhesion: stronger bonding in tires and reinforced rubber goods.

● Low volatility and high melting point: clean, stable handling in compounding.

● Consistent quality: assay, melting range and appearance controlled on every batch.

5. Main Applications

5.1 Rubber Vulcanization & Crosslinking (Core Application)

PDM is the standard vulcanising and cross linking agent for rubber bismaleimide:

l Vulcanizing agent: Cross-links rubber compounds through its reactive maleimide double bonds.

l Crosslinking agent: cross-links polymer chains into 3-D networks.

l Component of cure system: Used alone or with sulphur systems for custom properties.

l Thermoset building block: Maleimide chemistry targets heat-resistant-resin cross-linking.

5.2 Reversion Resistance & Heat Aging

The maleimide network stabilizes rubber during and after cure:
●Reversion prevention: suppresses the network breakdown (reversion) that occurs on overcure.
●Heat resistance: improves compound performance at elevated service temperatures.

●Aging performance: reduces heat build-up and slows down the long-term thermal ageing of vulcanizates.

●Durability: modulus and integrity retained under sustained thermal loading.

5.3 Tire & Rubber-Reinforcement Adhesion

PDM contributes to reinforced rubber by creating strong interfacial bonding:

Adhesion rubber to tyre cord: improves the bond between rubber and tyre cord fabrics.

●Reinforced rubber goods: better adhesion in hose, belts and industrial rubber articles.

● Modulus retention – retains the modulus of vulcanised rubber under severe conditions.

5.4 Non-Sulfur Curing for Copper-Contact Applications

If the problem is sulphur, PDM provides a clean alternative:

●Non-sulfur vulcanising agent: vulcanises without elemental sulphur or sulphur donors.

●Copper-wire protection: removes black copper sulphide contamination on copper wires.

●Electrical contact safety: protects copper electrical contacts and components from sulphide staining.

● Clean compounds: removes sulphur bloom and associated surface defects.

5.5 Specialty Elastomer & Polymer Formulations

It is chemistry more than conventional rubber compounds:

Speciality Elastomers – cross-linking of heat and oil resistant elastomer systems.

● Adhesive and sealant compounding: maleimide crosslinker for high temperature bonding formulations

●Polymer modification: heat-stabilizing difunctional crosslinker for engineered formulations.

6. Packaging, Storage

Packaging (customizable):

● Standard: 25 kg fiber/paper drums with PE liner;

Storage:

● Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from heat, flames and direct sunlight.

● Keep containers tightly closed; protect from moisture and contamination.

● Keep away from strong oxidizers and incompatible reactive materials.

● Recommended shelf life under proper storage: check COA (typically 24 months from production).

7. Why Choose Jinan Future Chemical Co., Ltd.?

● Factory-direct supply: own sourcing and distribution capability, transparent pricing, no middleman markup.

● Stable quality: every batch tested (assay, melting range, appearance), COA with every shipment.

● Fast response: quotations and technical support; small trial orders accepted.

8. FAQ

Q1: What is N,N'-1,3-phenylene bismaleimide (PDM) used for?

PDM is a difunctional bismaleimide, used mainly in the rubber industry as a vulcanising and cross-linking agent. It improves heat and ageing performance, inhibits reversion during overcure, improves rubber-to-tire-cord adhesion and is a non-sulfur curing agent that prevents black copper-sulfide staining on copper wires and electrical contacts.

Q2: How does PDM crosslink rubber?

Each PDM molecule carries two electron-poor maleimide double bonds. During vulcanization these reactive C=C groups add across rubber chains (radical and Michael-type addition), bridging polymer chains into a three-dimensional network. Because the two reactive groups are held in a meta arrangement, they bridge between chains efficiently, giving a dense, thermally robust crosslinked network.

Q3: What is reversion, and how does PDM prevent it?

Reversion is the breakdown of the sulfur crosslink network that occurs when rubber is over-vulcanized or exposed to prolonged heat, causing loss of modulus and aging resistance. PDM forms additional, thermally stable maleimide crosslinks that hold the network together, so the compound keeps its modulus and heat resistance even under overcure and sustained thermal load.

Q4: Why use PDM instead of sulfur?

Sulfur curing can blacken copper wire and electrical contacts by forming black copper sulfide. PDM cures the rubber without elemental sulfur or sulfur donors, eliminating that contamination while also improving heat resistance and reversion stability — which is why it is preferred in copper-contact applications such as wire and cable and electrical components.